U Rwanda Ruri kumwanya wakangahe  mu Burezi ku Mugabane wa Afurika? Ese  Minisitiri Mushya  Impinduka yazanye  zigiye guhindura iki ?

U Rwanda rukomeje kwiyubaka mu bijyanye n’uburezi nyuma y’imyaka myinshi rugaragaza ubushake bwo gutanga uburezi bufite ireme. Nubwo hari intambwe zatewe, raporo zitandukanye zerekana ko u Rwanda rugifite urugendo rurerure mu kugera ku rwego rushimishije mu karere ndetse no ku rwego rwa Afurika.

Mu bushakashatsi bwa World Bank’s Human Capital Index (HCI) ya 2020, u Rwanda rwagaragaje ko umwana uvutse afite amahirwe angana na 38% yo kugera ku bushobozi bwe bwose bwo gukura no gutanga umusaruro, ugereranyije n’umwana wavukiye mu gihugu cyateye imbere. Mu bijyanye n’uburezi, abana b’Abanyarwanda biga imyaka igera ku 6.8 ku mpuzandengo, ariko igice cy’uburezi bufite ireme gikaba ari imyaka mike kurusha iyo biga.

Ikigo World Population Review (2024) cyashyize u Rwanda ku mwanya wa 25 muri Afurika mu rwego rw’uburezi, ugereranyije n’ibihugu nka Tunisia (1), Algeria (2), na South Africa (5) bikomeje kuyobora urutonde.

Imibare ya UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) nayo igaragaza ko u Rwanda rugifite ikibazo cy’ubucucike mu mashuri, aho hafi abana 3 kuri 10 batabasha kugera ku rwego rwo gusoma no kwandika neza.

Bimwe mu bibazo bikomeje gutuma u Rwanda rutagera ku rwego rushimishije harimo:

• Ubwinshi bw’abanyeshuri ku mwarimu umwe (Teacher-Student Ratio), aho ubushakashatsi bwa MINEDUC 2023 bugaragaza ko umwarimu umwe yigisha abana barenga 60 mu mashuri y’inshuke n’abanza.
• Gukoresha ururimi rw’icyongereza rudafatiweho kimwe n’umubare muto w’abarimu bafite ubushobozi buhagije mu rurimi.
• Ibikoresho bidahagije ku mashuri, nk’utubaho, mudasobwa, na internet yihuta.

Minisitiri Mushya w’Uburezi: Icyizere Gishya ku Banyarwanda

Mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga 2025, Perezida Paul Kagame yagize Dr. Joseph Nsengimana Minisitiri mushya w’Uburezi. Dr. Nsengimana yasimbuye Dr. Valentine Uwamariya, wari umaze imyaka ine ku buyobozi.

Dr. Nsengimana ni inzobere mu ikoranabuhanga n’ubumenyi ngiro (STEM), akaba yarakoze muri Rwanda Polytechnic, mu bigo mpuzamahanga nka Microsoft 4Afrika, ndetse no muri gahunda za UNESCO.

Mu ijambo rye rya mbere nk’Minisitiri, yavuze ati:

“U Rwanda ntirukwiye gusa kwishimira kugira abana benshi bajya ku ishuri. Tugomba no kwita ku ireme ry’uburezi bahawe. Abarezi bafite ubumenyi, ibikoresho bigezweho, n’ubufasha ni ishingiro ry’ihinduka ry’igihe kirekire.”

Ibyo Minisitiri Nsengimana Yiyemeje Gukora

1. Kongerera abarimu ubumenyi n’ubushobozi:
   Harateganywa amahugurwa ku barimu ku rwego rw’igihugu, by’umwihariko ku ndimi (Icyongereza), siyansi, n’imikoreshereze y’ikoranabuhanga.
2. Gushyira imbaraga mu burezi bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga (Digital Education):
   Hashyizweho gahunda yo gukwirakwiza internet ku mashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye binyuze muri Smart Classroom no gutanga tablets ku bana bato, harimo n’ivugurura ry’uburyo bw’imfashanyigisho hifashishijwe E-learning platforms nka REB eLearning.
3. Kuganira ku bijyanye n’imishahara y’abarimu n’imibereho yabo:
   Yatangaje ko hagiye kongererwa ubushobozi Teacher’s Special Market ku bufatanye n’ibigo nka RDF ArmyShop, kugira ngo abarimu babone ibicuruzwa ku giciro gito.
4. Igenzura rikaze ku ireme ry’amasomo n’isuzumabumenyi:
   Hari gutegurwa uburyo bushya bw’isuzumabumenyi buzatuma abana batiga bashyira mu mutwe gusa, ahubwo babashe gutekereza, guhanga udushya, no gukemura ibibazo.
5. Gushyiraho isoko ryihariye ry’abarimu (Teacher Talent Pool):
   Binyuze mu biganiro biri gukorwa hagati ya MINEDUC, REB, n’amashuri y’imyuga, bazashyiraho uburyo bwo gutahura abarimu bafite impano yihariye no kubarinda kwimurwa bitari ngombwa.

Ibihugu nka:

• Tunisia: Byashyize imbaraga mu burezi bw’imyuga hakiri kare kandi binashyigikira abarimu mu buryo bw’amafaranga n’amahugurwa ahoraho.
• Mauritius: Ibikoresho bigezweho muri buri kigo, amarushanwa y’ubwenge kuva ku rwego rw’ishuri kugeza kuri minisiteri.
• South Africa: Hari gahunda y’ivugurura y’igihe kirekire izwi nka “Action Plan to 2024: Towards the Realisation of Schooling 2030”.

Abarezi, ababyeyi n’abanyeshuri bavuga ko bakiranye iyi mpinduka y’ubuyobozi n’amagambo ya Minisitiri mushya mu buryo bwiza. Umwarimu witwa Mukamana Florence wigisha mu Karere ka Bugesera yagize ati:

“Twabonye umuntu uzi ibibazo byacu kandi uturusha kure ubumenyi ku buryo isi igezemo. Twizeye ko igihe cye kizaba icyo kubaka, aho kuba icya politiki gusa.”

Ireme ry’uburezi ni urufunguzo rw’iterambere rirambye. Niba u Rwanda rushaka guhanganira ku isoko rusange rya Afurika (AfCTA), rukeneye abaturage bafite ubumenyi buhagije. Ibi bisaba ko ababyeyi, abarimu, abayobozi, n’abanyeshuri bahuriza hamwe ku ntego yo guhindura uburezi, aho buri wese yumva ko ari uruhare rwe.

Ibyifashishijwe mu nyandiko (References)

• The World Bank Human Capital Index 2020
  https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/human-capital
• UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)
  http://uis.unesco.org
• World Population Review – Education Ranking in Africa 2024
  https://worldpopulationreview.com
• Ministry of Education Rwanda (MINEDUC) Reports 2023-2025
  https://mineduc.gov.rw
• The New Times Rwanda – Cabinet Appointment 2025
  https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/28352/news/politics/four-new-faces-as-kagame-appoints-cabinet-members

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