Ku itariki ya 1 Kanama 2025, Leta ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) hamwe n’umutwe wa M23 basinyiye i Doha mu gihugu cya Qatar “Amasezerano y’amahoro “), arimo ingingo zireba uburyo bwo kugarura ’amahoro arambye mu burasirazuba bwa Congo. Iyi nyandiko yagaragazaga ko hari gahunda ngenderwaho yuko ibiganiro by’amahoro zizarangira bitarenze itariki ya 18 Kanama 2025, mu gihe ibiganiro nyir’izina bigomba gutangira ku itariki ya 8 Kanama 2025.
Intambara hagati ya M23 n’ingabo za Leta ya Congo imaze imyaka irenga ibiri yongera kubura umurindi, bigateza ubuhunzi, ubwicanyi, n’ubusahuzi mu turere twa Rutshuru, Nyiragongo, na Masisi. Abaturage babarirwa mu bihumbi bamaze kuva mu byabo, abandi baguye mu ntambara cyangwa mu bikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi.
Nyuma y’imyanzuro yagiye ifatwa n’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC) n’umuhate wa Leta ya Angola, ari nayo yari iyoboye ibiganiro bya Luanda, byaje gutanga umusaruro muke. Bityo, Qatar yemeye gutanga urubuga rushya rwo kuganiriramo, igira uruhare mu guhuruza impande zombi binyuze mu bufatanye na Qatar Peace and Conflict Resolution Centre.
Amasezerano yasinyiwe i Doha agizwe n’ingingo 10 z’ingenzi, zirimo:
- Kwemera ko amahoro arambye arusha intambara akamaro, impande zombi zikemera gukoresha uburyo bw’ibiganiro aho guhangana.
- Kwirinda ibikorwa byose bishobora gusubiza inyuma inzira y’amahoro, harimo ibikorwa bya gisirikare, kubangamira abaturage no gukwirakwiza propagande.
- Gushyiraho uburyo bw’ubwumvikane ku bijyanye n’ubusugire bw’igihugu, ubutabera, gusubiza abacitse ku icumu mu buzima busanzwe, n’uburenganzira bwa muntu.
- Gufungura inzira z’imfashanyo ku baturage bari mu turere dufite ibibazo, hagasabwa imiryango mpuzamahanga kwihutira gutanga ubufasha.
- Kureba uburyo bwo kongera gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abarwanyi ba M23, binyuze mu biganiro bizaganirwamo uko bashyirwa mu ngabo cyangwa mu buzima busanzwe nk’abasivili.
Ibiganiro nyir’izina biteganyijwe gutangira ku ya 8 Kanama 2025. Bizitabirwa n’abahagarariye Leta ya RDC, intumwa za M23, ndetse n’abahuza barimo Qatar, Afurika y’Epfo, Angola, ndetse na MONUSCO.
Muri ibyo biganiro, hazaganirwa kuri:
- Icyerekezo cy’ubwiyunge mu burasirazuba bwa Congo.
- Uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo by’imitungo karemano n’ubusugire bw’igihugu.
- Impamvu y’ihangana hagati ya M23 na FARDC, harebwa ku birego byose by’ihonyorwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu.
- Impinduka z’imitwe yitwaje intwaro, no gushakira hamwe umwanzuro ku bijyanye n’imitwe y’abanyamahanga ikorera ku butaka bwa Congo.
Amasezeranp ya sinywe yo ku wa 1 Kanama yatewe inkunga n’amahanga, by’umwihariko Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Umuryango w’Abibumbye, ndetse n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bwa Afurika. Bose bashimye intambwe yatewe, bavuga ko ari amahirwe mashya ku gihugu cya RDC kugira ngo kigerageze gukemura burundu ikibazo cy’umutekano muke mu burasirazuba.
Qatar, nk’umuhuza mushya, yatangaje ko izakomeza kugaragara nk’inkingi y’ingenzi mu biganiro, kandi ko izatanga uburyo bwiza n’ubwizerwe ku mpande zombi.
Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa Qatar, Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al-Thani, yagize ati:
“Amahoro ya Congo ni ingenzi ku mutekano w’Afurika yose. Ibiganiro si intambwe yanyuma, ahubwo ni intangiriro y’urugendo rugoye, ariko rutanga icyizere.”
Ese bizagerwaho?
Nubwo aya masezerano ari intambwe ishimishije, hari ibibazo byinshi by’ingenzi bitarafata umurongo:
- Ese FARDC izahagarika burundu ibikorwa bya gisirikare mu duce twigaruriwe na M23?
- Ese M23 izemera gusubira inyuma no gushyikirana ku mugaragaro, ikanemera kumanintwaro?
- Ese izindi mpande zifitanye isano n’intambara, zirimo imitwe nka FDLR, CODECO, ADF n’iyindi, nazo zizubahiriza umwanzuro?
Hari impungenge ko hari inyungu z’ibihugu by’amahanga mu mitungo ya Congo, bishobora kuzaca intege inzira y’amahoro.
Abaturage bo mu ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru bavuga ko batagishishikajwe n’amagambo, ahubwo bakeneye amahoro agaragara. Uwitwa Chantal Mukwege, umugore w’imyaka 34, utuye mu nkambi ya Nyiragongo yagize ati:
“twabuzd abacu, amazu yacu barayasahuye, abana bacu ntibiga. Turambiwe amasezerano atagira icyo ahindura. Nibaduhe amahoro koko.”
Aya masezerano ya Doha si yo ya mbere asinywe hagati ya M23 na Leta ya RDC. Mu 2013, amasezerano y’i Nairobi yagaragaje intege nke, kuko ntiyashyizwe mu bikorwa. Kumenya niba aya mashya azagezwa ku musozo bizaterwa n’ukwizerana, ubushake bwa politiki, n’uruhare rw’imiryango mpuzamahanga.
Tariki ya 18 Kanama 2025, ni yo tariki yo gusoza amasezerano yose. Icyo gihe tuzamenya niba amateka mashya yanditswe mu mateka.
