Mu rwego rwo gukomeza kunoza ireme ry’uburezi mu Rwanda no gushyira mu bikorwa integanyanyigisho ishingiye ku bushobozi (Competence-Based Curriculum – CBC), hashyizweho amahame mashya agenga isuzuma risoza igihembwe cya kabiri mu mwaka w’amashuri wa 2025/2026. Aya mahame yateguwe na NESA kandi ashingiye ku mabwiriza ya Minisitiri N°001/2021 yo ku wa 26/07/2021 agena uko abanyeshuri basuzumwa, bazamurwa mu byiciro, bahagarikwa cyangwa bimurirwa ahandi.
Inshingano zo gutegura ibizamini bisoza igihembwe cya kabiri zahawe Komite z’Isuzuma ku rwego rw’Akarere (District Assessment Committees). Ibi bigamije kongera ubunyamwuga, ubunyakuri n’ubwizerwe mu itegurwa ry’ibizamini ku rwego rw’ibanze.
IHUZWA RY’AMAHAME Y’ISUZUMA N’INGENGABIHE N’IBIKUBIYEMO
Mu itegurwa ry’ibizamini, abagena ibibazo basabwa kubanza kureba uko amasomo ateguwe mu ngengabihe (content distribution) haba mu mashuri y’uburezi rusange n’ay’imyuga. Mu mashuri yisumbuye ya tekiniki (Technical Secondary Schools), bagomba kandi kureba “chronograms” z’amasomo kugira ngo ibizamini bihure n’ibyigishijwe koko.
By’umwihariko, uturere tugize Umujyi wa Kigali twahawe nibura iminsi itatu y’inyongera yo kwishyura amasaha yatakaye kubera amarushanwa ya 2025 UCI Road World Championships yabaye kuva ku wa 21–28 Nzeri 2025. Ibi bigaragaza ko igenamigambi ry’isuzuma rifata mu ngamba n’ibikorwa byihariye by’igihugu.
INYANDIKO Z’AMAHAME Y’ISUZUMA
Amahame y’isuzuma yashyizwe ahagaragara mu bitabo 16 bitandukanye bikurikira:
- Igitabo 1 cy’amashuri abanza (Primary)
- Igitabo 1 cy’icyiciro rusange cy’amashuri yisumbuye (Lower Secondary)
- Igitabo 1 cy’uburezi rusange (General Education)
- Ibitabo 3 by’uburezi bw’imyuga (Professional Education)
- Ibitabo 10 by’amashuri yisumbuye ya tekiniki
Ibi bitabo bisobanura neza ubushobozi rusange (broad competences) n’ubushobozi bw’ingenzi ku isomo (key unit competences) bugomba gusuzumwa.
Kanda hano maze u downloadinge aya mabwiriza yose uyasome birambuye
IMPINDUKA Z’INGENZI MU MWAKA WA 2025/2026
Hari impinduka zigaragara ugereranyije n’umwaka wa 2024/2025:
- Umubare w’amasaha ku cyumweru:
Amasaha yahinduwe bitewe n’isomo, bigira ingaruka ku manota y’ikizamini no ku buremere bwacyo. - Ibizamini bya P1:
Mu mwaka wa mbere w’amashuri abanza, ibizamini bizakorwa mu buryo bw’akanwa (oral), usibye Imibare n’Ikinyarwanda bizakorwa mu nyandiko. Ibi bigamije kwibanda ku bushobozi bwo kuvuga kuko abana ba P1 baba bataramenyera neza kwandika. - Icyongereza kuva P2–P6:
Isuzuma rizibanda ku buhanga bune bwose bw’ururimi: kumva (listening), kuvuga (speaking), gusoma (reading) no kwandika (writing). Ni impinduka ikomeye kuko mbere hibandwaga cyane ku gusoma no kwandika gusa. - Inzira nshya muri S4 (Pathways):
Ahari amasomo 10 ahujwe, hashyizweho inzira (pathways) zihindura uko amasomo atangwa n’amasaha ahabwa buri somo.
ISUZUMA RYITA KU BAFITE IBIBAZO BYIHARIYE (SEN)
Abanyeshuri bafite ibibazo byihariye (Special Educational Needs) bagomba gufashwa binyuze mu buryo bw’isuzuma buboneye. Ibi bikubiyemo:
- Guhindura impapuro z’ibizamini (adapted papers)
- Gutanga igihe cy’inyongera
- Kwemerera ibisubizo mu buryo butandukanye (kwandika, gukoresha ibimenyetso, amashusho n’ibikoresho byunganira)
- Gukurikiza Individual Educational Plans (IEPs)
Ku bafite ibibazo byo kutumva cyangwa kuvuga, ibibazo by’akanwa bishobora gutangwa mu nyandiko cyangwa mu rurimi rw’amarenga.
ISUZUMA RYA P1 N’IMBONERAHAMWE Y’AMANOTA
Isuzuma rya P1 rikorwa hifashishijwe “rubric” igena amanota hashingiwe ku:
- Ukuri n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibisubizo
- Icyizere mu kuvuga
- Ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibisobanuro
Urugero: Umunyeshuri ushobora gusubiza neza, adategwa kandi akavuga ashimangiye ingingo, ahabwa amanota 4 (Excellent), naho utagerageje gusubiza agahabwa 0.
IMPINDUKA MU ISUZUMA RY’ICYONGEREZA (P4–P6)
Isuzuma ry’Icyongereza rizakorwa mu minsi ibiri:
Umunsi wa mbere (Written):
- Listening (kumva no gusubiza mu nyandiko)
- Reading comprehension
- Vocabulary na Grammar
- Composition
Umunsi wa kabiri (Oral – iminota 5 kuri buri mwana):
- Gusoma mu ijwi riranguruye
- Kuvuga ku nsanganyamatsiko bahawe
Ibi bigamije gusuzuma itumanaho nyaryo aho gupima gusa kwibuka amagambo.
IBIKUBIYE MU “ASSESSMENT STANDARDS”
Assessment Standards igizwe n’ibice bine:
- Broad competences (ubushobozi rusange)
- Key unit competences (ubushobozi bw’ingenzi ku isomo)
- Paper specifications and marks allocation
- Table of Specifications (examination blueprint)
Iyi “blueprint” ituma ibibazo bigabanwa neza hashingiwe ku byigishijwe n’urwego rw’imitekerereze.
TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS N’INYUNGU ZAYO
Table of Specifications ifasha:
- Kuringaniza ibikubiye mu isomo
- Gukwirakwiza ibibazo ku nzego zitandukanye z’imitekerereze
- Kurinda ko hari umutwe w’isomo urengwaho
- Koroshya itegurwa ry’ikizamini
Igenwa hashingiwe ku mubare w’amasaha yakoreshejwe ku mutwe w’isomo, hanyuma ibibazo bigakwirakwizwa ku byiciro bya Bloom’s Taxonomy.
BLOOM’S TAXONOMY YAVUGURUWE
Bloom’s Taxonomy yavuguruwe mu 2001 igashyira imbaraga ku byo umunyeshuri ashobora gukora (learning outcomes) aho kwibanda gusa ku byo mwarimu yigisha.
Ibyiciro byayo ni:
- Remembering (Kwibuka) – 30%
- Understanding (Gusobanukirwa) – 20%
- Applying (Gukoresha) – 20%
- Analyzing (Gusesengura) – 10%
- Evaluating (Gusesa no gufata umwanzuro) – 10%
- Creating (Guhanga udushya) – 10%
Ibi bituma isuzuma ritarangirira ku kwibuka gusa, ahubwo rigapima no gutekereza ku rwego rwo hejuru (higher-order thinking).
UBWOKO BW’IBIBAZO MU KIZAMINI
Ibibazo bigabanyijemo:
- Objective Questions:
- Multiple Choice (MCQs)
- True/False
- Matching
- Fill-in-the-blank
- Subjective Questions:
- Short answer
- Essay
- Scenario-based questions
Buri bwoko bugira imbaraga n’intege nke zabwo. Urugero, essay ipima ubushobozi bwo gusesengura ariko itwara igihe kinini cyo gukosora.
UBUNYAMWUGA MU GUTEGURA IBIBAZO
Hari amabwiriza agomba gukurikizwa:
- Gushyira ikibazo mu buryo bwumvikana neza
- Kwirinda amagambo ayobya
- Kwirinda guhuza ibisubizo bishobora kuba byose ari byo
- Gukoresha nibura amahitamo ane muri MCQ
- Kwirinda gukoresha “all of the above” cyangwa “none of the above” kenshi
Ibi byose bigamije gutuma ibizamini biba bifite ireme kandi bitarimo amarangamutima mu gukosora.
Amahame y’isuzuma risoza igihembwe cya kabiri 2025/2026 agaragaza intambwe ikomeye mu kubaka uburezi bufite ireme, butabera kandi bushyira imbere ubushobozi bw’umunyeshuri. Ukoresheje uburyo bushya bushingiye ku bushobozi, Bloom’s Taxonomy yavuguruwe n’imbonerahamwe y’igenamigambi (Table of Specifications), u Rwanda rukomeje gushyira imbere ireme ry’uburezi rishingiye ku bumenyi bufite ireme, imitekerereze yimbitse n’ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya.
