Icyiciro cyambere cyumushinga wa guhindura Amarangamuntu kirarimbanyije ngibi ibyo wamenya k’undangamuntu zikoze mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga zigiye Gutangwa

Mu gihe u Rwanda rukomeje urugendo rwo kwihutisha iterambere  mu ikoranabuhanga no kunoza imitangire ya serivisi rusange, Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Indangamuntu (NIDA) muminsi ishize  cyatangaje ko kigiye gutangiza igeragezwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rishya ririmo gukoresha Indangamuntu ziri Digitali. Ibi biteganijweko bizatangira muruku kwezi kumwe  nk’uko byemejwe n’ubuyobozi bwa NIDA. Ubu ni uburyo bushya buzafasha abaturage kubona serivisi zose binyuze ku ikoranabuhanga, ndetse no kugabanya urugendo n’umwanya abantu batakazaga bajya kwiyandikisha cyangwa gushaka serivisi zinyuranye hirya no hino.

Iki gitekerezo cy’indangamuntu ya digitali ntigishingiye gusa ku cyifuzo cy’u Rwanda. Isi yose iri mu nzira yo kwinjira muri serivisi za e-Government, aho ibihugu nka Estonia, India, na Singapore bimaze kuba intangarugero mu gutanga serivisi za Leta hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga.

Kangufashe kunva Indangamuntu ya Digitali ni iki?

Indangamuntu ya digitali izaba igizwe n’uburyo butatu:

• Ikarita ifatika isanzwe ariko ifite QR code, izajya uyikoza kumachine zabugenewe  ikwereke nimyirondoro yawe yose .
• Iyi Indangamuntu izaba ifite ikoranabuhanga riboneka kuri internet ndetse no muri telefone (virtual ID).
• Iyi Indangamuntu izaba ifite Umubare wihariye (Unique ID Number) ushobora gukoreshwa mu kwemeza ko umuntu ari we koko mu gihe asaba serivisi hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga.

NIDA ivuga ko aya makuru yose azaba yarabitswe mu buryo bwizewe kandi butekanye, kandi akazakoreshwa mu kwemeza umwirondoro w’umuntu igihe cyose yifuza kubona serivisi.

Nk’uko bitangazwa na Josephine Mukesha, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa NIDA, intego y’iyi gahunda ni ukorohereza abaturage kubona serivisi z’ingenzi hatabayeho kujya ahantu runaka. Uyu mushinga uzagabanya umwanya, amafaranga, ndetse n’imbaraga abaturage batakazaga bagiye gusaba serivisi nko kubona pasiporo, ubwenegihugu, gusaba ibyangombwa byo kwiga, ubuzima n’ibindi byinshi.

Estonia, igihugu cyateye imbere cyane mu gukoresha e-ID (electronic identity), kimaze igihe cyinshi gitanga serivisi zose kuri internet, kuva ku kwiyandikisha mu mashuri, kwishyura imisoro, gusaba serivisi zo kwamuganga  muganga kugeza ku matora.

India nayo ifite gahunda yitwa Aadhaar, yatumye abaturage babona serivisi uko bakeneye hifashishijwe irangamuntu ya digitali.

U Rwanda narwo ruje mu murongo umwe, aho gahunda nka Irembo, Ikoranabuhanga mu itanga rya Mutuelle, e-Tax, n’izindi zashyizweho mu gutanga serivisi binyuze kuri murandasi.

Nk’uko NIDA yabitangaje, igeragezwa rizatangirana n’icyiciro cyo gukosora cyangwa kwemeza amakuru y’abaturage basanzwe bafite indangamuntu. Ibi bizwi nka “pre-enrolment”, aho abantu bazajya kwemeza niba amazina, aho bavukiye, umwirondoro w’ababyeyi, aho batuye n’irangamimerere bikiri ukuri cyangwa byarahindutse.

Ibi bizakorerwa:

• Mu duce twatoranyijwe mugihugu hose .
• Mu ngo z’abaturage, aho abakozi bazajya mu baturage abo mwita abakarani bibarura .
• Binanyuze kuri murandasi hifashishijwe urubuga Irembo.

Nyuma y’iyo pre-enrolment, hazakurikiraho icyiciro cyo gufata ibimenyetso by’umubiri birimo :

• Ifoto y’ijisho (iris scan)
• Amashusho y’amasura (face image)
• Imikono icumi (fingerprints)
• Umukono w’umuntu (signature)

Abana bari munsi y’imyaka itanu bazafotorwa gusa, naho abari hejuru y’imyaka itanu bose bazafatwa biometrics zuzuye. Icyakora abana bose bari munsi y’imyaka 18 bazajya biyandikisha bari kumwe n’umubyeyi cyangwa umwishingizi.

Kubera ko umuntu azaba afite uburyo burenze bumwe bwo kwerekana ko ari we, ntazaba agikenewe gufata urugendo ajya kure kwiyandikisha cyangwa gushaka serivisi. Azabikora atavuye aho ari, akoresheje telefone cyangwa mudasobwa.

Mu rwego rwo Guhangana n’inyerezwa ry’indangamuntu cyangwa gukorwa kwizapirate
NIDA yavuze ko umuntu uzatakaza indangamuntu ya gakondo azashobora gukomeza kubona serivisi akoresheje uburyo bwa digitali.

Kubera ko serivisi zizajya zifashisha ikoranabuhanga mu kumenya neza umuntu, bizagabanya abiba imyirondoro cyangwa abiyitirira abandi.

U Rwanda rufite icyerekezo 2050 aho servise zose zizajya zifashisha ikoranabuhanga mu nzego zose. Indangamuntu ya digitali ni imwe mu nzira zo kubigeraho.

Wakwibaza Ese umutekano w’amakuru yacu uzarindwa?

Icyo kibazo ni ingenzi cyane, kuko uburyo bwo gukusanya biometric bukenera amakuru yihariye kandi y’ibanga. Mukesha yavuze ko NIDA izafatanya n’inzego zirimo RURA, RISA, Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR), n’izindi mu rwego rwo gushyiraho uburinzi bw’amakuru ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

U Rwanda kandi ni kimwe mu bihugu bifite itegeko rirengera ubuzima bwite bw’umuntu ku makuru ye (Data Protection Law) ryatowe mu 2021. Iri tegeko ryemeza ko umuntu afite uburenganzira ku makuru ye kandi agomba gutanga uburenganzira mbere y’uko akoreshwa.

Uko abaturage babyakira

Hari ababyakira neza cyane, by’umwihariko urubyiruko. Umwe mu baturage bo mu mujyi wa Kigali yagize ati:“Iyi gahunda izadufasha cyane kuko hari serivisi zitugora kubona kubera iy rangamuntu iri digital noneho tukazajya tuzibona turi iwacu. Mungo ”

Ariko nanone hari n’abafite impungenge, cyane cyane abatuye mu byaro bafite ubumenyi buke ku ikoranabuhanga. Gusa NIDA yemeza ko bazahugura abaturage bose mu gihe cy’igeragezwa kugira ngo batabura kumva no kugerwaho n’iyi gahunda nshya.

Uburyo ibindi bihugu bibikora

• Estonia: abaturage bose bafite “e-ID” kandi barayikoresha mu matora, mu kwishyura imisoro, no gusaba ubufasha.
• India: ifite porogaramu ya “Aadhaar” ihuza abaturage barenga miliyari imwe, ikabafasha kubona inkunga za Leta, gufungura konti mu mabanki n’ibindi.
• Kenya: muri 2023, yatangije “Maisha Namba” gahunda nk’iyi ariko byagize ibibazo mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa kubera kutumvikana mu itegeko ribigenga.

Gushyiraho indangamuntu ya digitali ni igice kimwe gusa mu nzira  ngari yo kuvugurura uburyo Leta itanga serivisi. NIDA yemeza ko mu mwaka utaha wa 2026 aribwo abaturage bazatangira guhabwa indangamuntu za mbere za digitali, nyuma y’uko igeragezwa rizaba rirangiye.

• Abaturage barasabwa kwitondera amakuru bashyira kuri murandasi, ndetse no kuba maso igihe cyose basabwa gutanga biometric.
• Kugira konti ku Irembo bizoroshya uburyo bwo kwemeza amakuru no kwiyandikisha.
• Gukorana n’inzego z’ibanze mu kubona ibisobanuro kuri iyi gahunda ni ingenzi.

Indangamuntu ya digitali ni intambwe ikomeye u Rwanda ruteye mu rugendo rwo gushyira imbere imiyoborere ishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga. Nubwo hari ibibazo bishobora kuza mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa, nka buri mushinga mushya, haracyari amahirwe menshi yo gutuma iyi gahunda izagera ku ntego zayo: kunoza serivisi, kurengera umutekano w’abaturage, no kuzamura ireme ry’imibereho yabo.

Iyo gahunda nihura n’ubushake bwa Leta, ubumenyi bw’abaturage, n’ubufatanye n’izindi nzego, u Rwanda ruzaba rwinjiye mu isi nshya ishingiye ku ndangamuntu ya digitali, nk’uko ibihugu byateye imbere byabikoze.