Mw’iyi minsi bimaze kugaragara ko abantu benshi batagifata amategeko nk’ikintu gikomeye, ndetse hari n’abasigaye bakora ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe batazi ko biri mu bigize icyaha. Hari aho usanga Leta yashyizeho gahunda igomba gukorerwa online cyangwa kwigirwa online, bamwe mu baturage bakabibonamo amahirwe yo gukorera amafaranga, nyamara bakirengagiza ko ibyo barimo gukora ari ibyaha.
Ibi nabihamirijwe n’umunyamategeko wambwiye ko gukorera undi muntu ikizami cy’akazi ari icyaha gihanwa n’amategeko kandi kitoroshye. Yampaye urugero agira ati:
“Nsanzwe mbona abantu ku mbuga nkoranyambaga birirwa bashyiraho amatangazo bavuga ko bafasha abantu gukora ibizami bya psychometric tests ndetse bakabibatsindira. Hari n’abandi babisangiza abandi, bavuga ko babikora nk’akazi. Ariko ibyo ni icyaha gihanwa n’amategeko. Ntukabone ubikora wikinira ngo kuko utarakurikiranwa wumve ko bidafatwa nk’icyaha. Harumunsi ababishinzwe bazaguhamagara.”
Yongeyeho ko mu minsi yashize, ubwo abakozi ba Leta bari bari mu mahugurwa ya online ajyanye na Artificial Intelligence (AI), hari benshi babikorerwaga n’abandi bakishyura amafaranga, nyuma bakabona certificate batakoreye. Ariko se koko iyo certificate urayikwiye niba warayibonye wishyuye undi muntu ngo agukorere amahugurwa?
Yasobanuye ko nubwo abantu benshi batekereza ko amahugurwa ya Leta agamije gusa gutanga impamyabumenyi (certificate), atari byo. Intego nyamukuru ni ugutanga ubumenyi bufasha abakozi mu kazi kabo ka buri munsi. By’umwihariko muri iki gihe isi iri kugendera ku ikoranabuhanga n’ubwenge buhangano (Artificial Intelligence), ubumenyi ni ingenzi kurusha impapuro.
None se amategeko avuga iki ku bantu bakora ibi bikorwa?
Mu Rwanda, gukora cyangwa gukorera undi ibizamini (impersonation), gukopera no gufasha undi gukopera mu bizamini bifatwa nk’icyaha kandi bihanishwa ibihano bikomeye hashingiwe ku mategeko ahana ibyaha ndetse n’amabwiriza y’inzego z’uburezi.
Icyaha cyo kwiyitirira undi mu kizamini cyangwa gukoresha undi muntu ngo akore ikizamini mu mwanya wawe gifatwa nk’icyaha cyo:
- Kwiyitirira undi (Impersonation)
- Gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano
- Uburiganya (Fraud)
Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange (Official Gazette nº Special of 27/09/2018). Ingingo zijyanye n’ibi zirimo:
- Ingingo zivuga ku kwiyitirira undi (usurpation of identity)
- Ingingo zivuga ku gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano
- Ingingo zivuga ku buriganya
Kwiyitirira undi (Impersonation) bishobora guhanishwa:
- Igifungo kuva ku mezi atandatu kugeza ku myaka ibiri (bitewe n’uburemere bw’icyaha)
- Ihazabu y’amafaranga kuva ku 500,000 RWF kugeza kuri 1,000,000 RWF
- Cyangwa ibihano byombi
Iyo ibi bikozwe mu rwego rw’akazi ka Leta cyangwa mu bizamini bya Leta, ibihano birushaho gukomera.
Ingingo za Articles 276–279 (Forgery and use of forged documents) zivuga ku gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano. Ibihano bishobora kuba:
- Igifungo kiri hagati y’imyaka itanu kugeza kuri irindwi (bitewe n’uburemere bw’icyaha)
- Ihazabu y’amafaranga hagati ya 3,000,000 RWF na 5,000,000 RWF
- Cyangwa ibihano byombi
Ingingo 174 (Article 174) Fraud ivuga ku cyaha cy’uburiganya. Ibihano bishobora kuba:
- Igifungo kuva ku mezi atandatu kugeza ku myaka ibiri (bitewe n’uburemere bw’icyaha)
- Ihazabu y’amafaranga kuva ku 500,000 RWF kugeza kuri 3,000,000 RWF
- Cyangwa ibihano byombi
Mu mashuri, gukopera cyangwa gufasha undi gukopera bifatwa nk’imyitwarire mibi (academic misconduct) kandi bishobora kuganisha kuri:
- Guteshwa agaciro k’ikizamini
- Kwirukanwa mu ishuri
- Kumenyeshwa inzego zishinzwe iperereza hagakurikiraho dosiye
Ibi bigenwa n’amabwiriza ya Minisiteri y’Uburezi ndetse n’amabwiriza ya za Kaminuza.
Iyo ari ibizamini bya Leta (National Examinations), REB ifite amabwiriza akomeye abuza:
- Kwitwaza telefoni cyangwa ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga
- Gukopera
- Guhinduranya ibizamini
- Gukorera undi
Ibihano bishobora kuba:
- Guteshwa agaciro k’ikizamini cyose
- Kutemererwa kongera gukora ikizamini mu gihe runaka
- Kumenyeshwa RIB (Rwanda Investigation Bureau)
Mu bizamini by’akazi (Recruitment Exams), gukoresha undi muntu cyangwa gukora uburiganya bishobora kugwa mu cyaha cya:
- Uburiganya (Fraud)
- Ruswa (Corruption) (iyo harimo amafaranga)
- Guhimba cyangwa gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano
Ibi biteganywa kandi mu Itegeko nº 54/2018 ryo ku wa 13/08/2018 ryo kurwanya ruswa (Official Gazette nº Special of 14/09/2018).
Muri make, gukorera undi ikizami, kwishyura ngo ukorerwe amahugurwa, cyangwa gukopera si ibintu byo gufata nk’akantu gato. Ni ibyaha bifite ibihano bikomeye kandi bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw’umuntu, akazi ke, ndetse n’ejo hazaza he. Kubahiriza amategeko no gukora ibikwiye ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda ibibazo no kubaka ubuzima bushingiye ku kuri n’ubunyangamugayo.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa nabenshi
- Ese gukorera undi ikizami online ni icyaha mu Rwanda?
Yego, bifatwa nk’icyaha cyo kwiyitirira undi no gukora uburiganya. - Ni ibihe bihano bishobora gutangwa?
Igifungo, ihazabu, cyangwa byombi bitewe n’uburemere bw’icyaha. - Ese gukopera mu kizamini cya Leta bigira ingaruka ki?
Ikizamini giteshwa agaciro kandi ushobora kutemererwa kongera gukora ibizamini. - Kwishyura ngo undi agukorere amahugurwa nabyo ni icyaha?
Yego, bishobora gufatwa nk’uburiganya cyangwa gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano. - Ni iki cyakorwa kugira ngo wirinde ibi byaha?
Kugira indero, kubaha amategeko, no gukora ibizamini cyangwa amahugurwa ku bushobozi bwawe
