Mu isi y’iki gihe ikomeje kwihuta mu ikoranabuhanga, sosiyete nyinshi zikomeye zishaka uburyo bwo kurinda urubyiruko ingaruka mbi zituruka ku gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga zigashiraho uburyo bwo kuzikoresha neza. YouTube, urubuga rw’amashusho rukunzwe cyane ku isi, rwatangaje ko rugiye gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bushya bwo kumenya imyaka y’abakoresha hakoreshejwe ubwenge bukorano (Artificial Intelligence – AI), mu rwego rwo gukumira abana kubona ibikubiyemo ibitemewe cyangwa bidakwiriye imyaka yabo.
Ku mbuga nk’izi, gucunga neza ibirebwa n’abana bimaze igihe kinini ari ikibazo gikomeye. Nubwo YouTube isanzwe ifite porogaramu nka “YouTube Kids” yagenewe abana, hari abana benshi bashobora gukoresha konti z’ababyeyi babo cyangwa gukoresha imyirondoro itariyo kugira ngo babone amashusho atari mu rwego rwabo.
Abashakashatsi batandukanye bamaze imyaka bemeza ko kureba amashusho y’abashora mubiyobyabwenge, videwo zurukozasoni cyangwa andi mashusho akomeretsa mu buryo bwo mu mutwe bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bana, harimo no guhindura imyitwarire yabo.
YouTube yavuze ko iyi gahunda nshya izafasha mu buryo buboneye kumenya niba umuntu ushaka kureba amashusho afite imyaka yemewe n’amategeko mu gihugu cye. Ubu buryo bushya buzajya busuzuma ibimenyetso bitandukanye, harimo n’isura y’umukoresha cyangwa imiterere y’amashusho agaragara mu buryo bwo kwinjira kuri konti, ariko mu buryo bwubahiriza ubuzima bwite (privacy).
Nk’uko byatangajwe n’abashinzwe umutekano wa YouTube, AI izaba ifite ubushobozi bwo gusuzuma amakuru ihabwa n’umukoresha, ndetse no gukora isesengura ry’amashusho cyangwa amajwi mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga ritamenya izina ry’umuntu ariko rikamenya ikigereranyo cy’imyaka ye.
Urugero, niba umuntu ashaka kureba amashusho afite amabwiriza yo kuba afite nibura imyaka 18, sisitemu izabanza kugenzura niba ari byo koko. Iyo AI isanze hari impungenge ko umukoresha ashobora kuba ari munsi y’iyo myaka, izamusaba uburyo bwo kwemeza imyaka ye, bishobora kujya bikorwa hifashishijwe indangamuntu cyangwa ibindi byangombwa byemewe n’amategeko.
Bamwe mu babyeyi bamaze igihe bagaragaza impungenge ku bijyanye n’uburyo abana babo bakoresha YouTube. Nubwo hari uburyo bwo gushyiraho “Parental Controls” cyangwa gufunga amashusho amwe n’amwe, ntibihagije mu gihe abana bashobora kurenga izo nzitizi binyuze mu buryo butandukanye.
Nyiramana Béatrice, umubyeyi wo mu mujyi wa Kigali ufite abana batatu, yagize ati:
“Iyo umwana afite telefone cyangwa mudasobwa, hari ibintu byinshi ashobora kugeraho tudashaka. Iyo YouTube ishyizeho uburyo bwo kumenya imyaka hakoreshejwe ubwenge bukorano, bizadufasha cyane mu kurinda abana bacu. Ariko nanone turifuza ko bazakomeza kubaha ubuzima bwite bw’abantu.”
Abahanga mu bukungu bemeza ko iyi gahunda ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo amashusho amwe n’amwe arebwa. Abakora amashusho (content creators) bashobora kubona impinduka mu mubare w’abareba amashusho yabo, cyane cyane iyo bari barishingiye ku rubyiruko rutarageza imyaka yemewe.
Ariko kandi, ibi bishobora gutuma habaho ubwizerwe bwinshi ku rubuga, bityo abamamaza bakarushaho kugira icyizere mu gushyira amafaranga yabo mu kwamamaza kuri YouTube, kuko bazaba bazi neza ko ayo mashusho agera ku rwego rw’abarebwa nyarwo.
Hari abagaragaza impungenge ko ikoreshwa rya AI mu kumenya imyaka rishobora kuzaba ikibazo mu bijyanye no kubika amakuru y’abantu. Amashyirahamwe aharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu (Human Rights Organizations) yibutsa ko ikoranabuhanga rishobora kwifashishwa nabi mu gukusanya amakuru yihariye.
YouTube yo ivuga ko izakoresha uburyo bujyanye n’amategeko mpuzamahanga agenga uburinzi bw’amakuru (data protection laws), kandi ko amakuru azakusanywa azaba atarimo ibimenyetso bifatika byakoresha mu kumenya neza umuntu ku giti cye, ahubwo bizaba ari mu rwego rwo kumenya gusa imyaka.
Iyi ntambwe YouTube iri gufata ijyanye n’ahandi henshi ku isi aho sosiyete z’ikoranabuhanga zishaka gukoresha AI mu gucunga umutekano w’abakoresha. Facebook na Instagram bamaze igihe bagerageza uburyo bwo kumenya imyaka bifashishije amafoto, na ho TikTok ishyiraho uburyo bwo kubaza imyaka kenshi no kugenzura imyitwarire y’umukoresha mu gukeka ko ashobora kuba ari muto.
Ibi bigaragaza ko AI iri kuba igikoresho gikomeye mu kugenzura umurongo w’imbuga zishobora kugiraho ingaruka ku muryango, ariko hakaba hakenewe uburyo bukomeye bwo kwirinda ko ikoreshwa nabi.
Hari benshi bemeza ko iyi gahunda izatanga umusaruro mwinshi mu gihe izashyirwa mu bikorwa neza.
, impuguke mu by’ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku bwenge bukorano, zasobanura ko AI ifite ubushobozi bwo kumenya imyaka ku gipimo kiri hejuru ya 90% iyo isuzumye amafoto cyangwa videwo.
Ariko aributsa ko “nta buryo buhari bwakora ku rugero rwa 100%, bityo hakenewe ko hari izindi ngamba zifatwa zunganira AI, nk’uburyo bwo kwemeza imyaka mu buryo bwa gihamya (manual verification).”
